Great Britain Essay examples -- History, British Empire

Ever since its creation in 1707, the United Kingdom of Great Britain has been a powerful union of many different nations and identities, including the English, Scots, welsh and after Irish. From the Middle Ages until the Second World War this union had not plainly fortified its domestic political power but overly expanded its run across the entire world, resulting in the worlds largest and mightiest empire, the British Empire. This great achievement of the union was mainly due to the remarkable sense of unity of its slew who considered themselves primarily as British and secondly as Scots, Welsh or Irish. By the rarity of the Second World War, however, the domestic governance stability also threatened to collapse as many foreign colonies of the Empire seized independence. The Scots, Welsh and the Northern Irish started demanding more and more political independence from Westminster and by the end of the 20th century they were finally granted own national parliaments. After this process of devolution, the English people started questioning their own identity and what distinguished them from the Scots, Welsh and the Northern Irish. But is there a national identity in England and if yes can this national identity be politically mobilized in the near prox?When investigating English national identity and its possible future political mobilization it is crucial to analyze its meaning and history in the first part. Bechhofer and McCr matchless (2009) explain national identity as a political, sociological, cultural and psychological construct which is highly influence by the media, political changes within a state and its institutions. case identity, therefore, stays in a very close connection to notions such as nation, nationhood and nati... ...necessary in the eyes of the English voters that mainly vote in paying attention of other more important issues and debates. Partly contradicting Copus, Kumar (2001) explains that a future English nationalism is does not have to be excluded and very possible, but no one can now say how this is reflected in the future. To put it in a nutshell, in my opinion a political mobilization of the English identity in the near future is rather not probable since the English people are clearly not in the need of it an English parliament. Not only due to the multicultural aspect of its society today but also due to its imperialistic past, the English identity has become multifaceted and interpreted in many ways which makes it much harder for the English nationalism to evolve compared to Scotland, Wales and Ireland. Therefore, a unified mobilization is in the near future not thinkable.

High Reliability Organizations Essay -- Safety, Security, Hazard

In recent years, many organizations particularly in a high try industry have experienced signifi great dealt losses. For this reason, they have been more considered the importance of the concept High Reliability Organization (HROs). Weick and Sutcliffe (2001) as cited in Takagi and Nakanishi (2006), claim that a comprehending of the HRO concept can lead to clearly understand a technical system within an organization. This leads to minimize any failures from unexpected circumstances. To be more precise, it can be verbalize that the HRO principle assists the organization to determine the risk factors that may negatively affect a company performance in an early stage of a catch life cycle. Similarly, Laporte and Consolini (1991) as cited in Aase and Tjensvoll (n.d.) state that any high risk organizations who has applied the HROs principles tend to have an outstanding safety records. This essay will commencement ceremony provide a general overview of HROs concept and then ident ify five characteristics of mindfulness which are consistently recognized as the aspect of HROs. In the secondly section, it will introduce the Normal Accident Theory (NAT) by Charles Perrow. Finally, it will highlight the recommendations in improving the current emergency practice to be more effective.Perrow (1986) as cited in Aase and Tjensvoll (n.d.) notes that one of the most important characteristics of HRO is to avoid hazardous operational breakdown. In addition, the impact of such failures can be considered as catastrophe resulting in there are complex interactions, highly interdependent technologies and tight coupling within an internal system. Moreover, Weick and Consolini (n.d.) as cited in Haudt, et.al., (n.d.) state that there are five characterist... ...ial approaches which are Normal Accident and HROs, although it seems certain that both of them tends to limit the progression that can contribute toward achieving to highly protective systems. This is because the scope of the problems is too narrow and the potential of the solutions is too limited as well. Hence, Laporte and Consolini et.al., (1991) as cited in Marais, et.al., (2004) conclude that the most interesting feature of the high reliability organization is to prioritize both performance and security by the managerial oversight. In addition, the stopping point agreement must be an official announcement. In essence, it is recommended that there is a continuing need in the high risk organizations for more awareness of evolution security system and high reliability environment in order to gain highly successful method to lower risk in an go on technology system.

Against United States Currency Mentioning God Essays -- Politics Gover

In graven image We Trust should be removed from United States currency. The mention of God, which is a religious belief, misrepresents those United States citizens who do non hold this belief. In Source D, Jon Murray, President of the non-profit organization American Atheists, argues that the motto In God We Trust inscribed on the mint violates the warrant Speech, Free Exercise, and Establishment clauses of the First Amendment. It violates Free Speech by the inability to erase or eliminate the inscription by making it illegal by criminal law that whoever fraudulently alters, defaces, mutilates, impairs, diminishes, falsifies, scales, or lightens any of the coins coined at the mints of the United States shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both (18 USC Sec 331). It is likewise this way with paper notes in 18 USC Sec 332. To function in this society, people must carry around money. batch who dont support the inscription are forced to carry a round false representation and therefore, according to Murray, this violates the Free Expression Act. The Establishment Clause isnt so clear, generally that Church and State must be separate and that the political science should avoid any entanglements with religion. Recently, instead of Will there be too much government entanglement with religion? judges have been defining violation of the Establishment as if the subject ?benefits religion in a way more invest and more substantial than practices that are excepted into our national heritage.? And that?s what the blurry notion of what?s religious and what?s in our heritage is (Source I).A common literary argument debating the motto on our coins is that ?God? is not, in fact, a religious belief, merely an important par... ...DocServer/In_God_We_Trust_In_Public_Schools.pdf?docID=151?.Leahy, James E. The First Amendment, 1791-1991 Two Hundred Years of Freedom. McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers. 1991.Murray, Jon. ?God On Our Coins ?. American Atheists. Sept. 14, 1988. .Swank, Grant. ?Atheist Attacks ?In God We Trust.?? The Conservative Voice. Aug. 16, 2006. .United States Department of the Treasury. Coins and Currency. History of ?In God We Trust?. Online Database. August 31, 2007. .W.W. Hening. Statutes at heroic of Virginia, vol. 12. 1823. Jefferson, Thomas. Pages 84-86 ?Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom.? .

Welcome to Life :: Essays Papers

Welcome to LifeDear mother, can you hear me whining? (Green Day) When something was difficult what did you do, curiously when you were a young child? You whined. That was the way you got people to pay attention to you. You hoped that this way they could soak up life disclose for you. Complaining to your mother will make everything better. That is the logic that many young children ar taught. Life is different as you reach different stages and becomes more difficult each time you reach a new challenge. The stages start with your being comfortable in your surroundings, well protected by your family. As you grow older, you begin to grow apart from the people and the field of view that you were once close to. You start to go on your own path. This path leads you to a new place with which you may not be as comfortable. The var. Welcome to Paradise by the punk-rock band Green Day explains the difficulty of moving away from home and how eventually life will get better and you will fin d that you are not as dependant on your family. The song Welcome to Paradise begins a mere three weeks after the son has left his home. He is writing a letter telling his mother how horrible it is to be away from home. He feels he is alone this is a shivery feeling. He reaches out to the audience by discussing a feeling that many young people mother recently experienced.I remember when I starting time started college, whether I want to admit it or not, I was scared. I moved to a new location three hours away from my warm room and, for the primary time, I had to do my own laundry, take care of myself, and keep my area clean and livable. These were new and challenging tasks. At times, even though there are forty-two thousand people here, it feels very lonely, as if you are the only one going through this situation. Everyone experiences some sort of uncomfortable feeling when they have to move to a new location and start a new stage in their lives. From personal experience a colleg e senior explains how he snarl the first day he moved to live at college, I definitely felt like I was in some strange obliviousness Twilight Zone kind of placeIt wasnt a very comfortable feeling at all.

Gene Therapy Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Genetics

Gene Therapy The New VaccineABSTRACTThis research written report details what gene therapy is and what it is (and potentially will be) used for. It also describes the gene therapy techniques and delivery methods that have been clinically tested and/or verified by scientists and the ideas that obtain activity in the field in the race to perfect gene therapy methods and their application, as well as telling about the beginnings of its clinical testing and where this bud technology is headed. Finally, it discusses iodine last question Is gene therapy the vaccination of the future?RESEARCHGene therapy is a biotechnological technique that has recently made significant leaps of come in the world of scientific research. The theories behind its use have created many new goals and ideas in scientists minds, and there is much opportunity for discovery in the field. on that point argon two types of genetic technology that are currently being researched for application in clinical testing an d for the cure of certain genetic diseases in humans somatic cell gene therapy, and germ-line therapy. Somatic cell gene therapy is a development that could potentially eliminate a hereditary diseases effects in a patient through the injection of genetic material that would fill in for a nonfunctional gene, alter an abnormal one in the patients chromosomes, or exchange the defective gene for a new, fully-functioning one (www.ornl.org). Germ-line therapy would be used similarly in embryos germ cells, notwithstanding would have the additional effect of the faulty genes permanent eradication so that it could not be passed on to future descendants.There are also multiple types of somatic cell gene therapy. In vivo gene therapy, the most common in clinical testin... ...entists will make many rotatory discoveries. With this new technology being researched, theres no telling when the technology will be perfected. Who knows? Someday soon, gene therapy could even be something as commonpla ce as vaccination.Bibliography6Friedmann, The Development of Human Gene Therapyhttp//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genetherapy.shtmlhttp//www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BA/Gene_Therapy_Overview.htmlhttp//asgt.org/news_releases/basics.htmlhttp//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2000/500_gene.htmlhttp//www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/gene (G.T. for Cancer)http//content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/346/16/1185 (Ex Vivo for X-SCID)http//asgt.org/news_releases/06022005a.htmlhttp//genome.gov/13014325Reilly, Abraham Lincolns DNA and Other Adventures in GeneticsTurksen, Adult Stem Cells7

Gene Therapy Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Genetics

agent Therapy The New VaccineABSTRACTThis research paper details what gene therapy is and what it is (and potentially will be) used for. It also describes the gene therapy techniques and delivery methods that work been clinically tested and/or verified by scientists and the ideas that stimulate activity in the field in the race to perfect(a) gene therapy methods and their application, as well as telling about the beginnings of its clinical testing and where this budding technology is headed. Finally, it discusses one last question Is gene therapy the inoculation of the future?RESEARCHGene therapy is a biotechnological technique that has recently made significant leaps of progress in the world of scientific research. The theories behind its use have created many new goals and ideas in scientists minds, and there is much opportunity for discovery in the field.There are two types of genetic technology that are before long being researched for application in clinical testing and for the cure of certain genetic diseases in humans somatic carrel gene therapy, and germ-line therapy. Somatic cell gene therapy is a development that could potentially eliminate a hereditary diseases effects in a patient through the guessing of genetic material that would fill in for a nonfunctional gene, alter an abnormal one in the patients chromosomes, or exchange the unsound gene for a new, fully-functioning one (www.ornl.org). Germ-line therapy would be used similarly in embryos germ cells, but would have the additional effect of the faulty genes permanent eradication so that it could not be passed on to future descendants.There are also multiple types of somatic cell gene therapy. In vivo gene therapy, the most common in clinical testin... ...entists will make many revolutionary discoveries. With this new technology being researched, theres no telling when the technology will be perfected. Who knows? Someday soon, gene therapy could even be something as commonplace as vaccin ation.Bibliography6Friedmann, The Development of Human Gene Therapyhttp//www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genetherapy.shtmlhttp//www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BA/Gene_Therapy_Overview.htmlhttp//asgt.org/news_releases/basics.htmlhttp//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2000/500_gene.htmlhttp//www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/gene (G.T. for Cancer)http//content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/346/16/1185 (Ex Vivo for X-SCID)http//asgt.org/news_releases/06022005a.htmlhttp//genome.gov/13014325Reilly, Abraham Lincolns DNA and Other Adventures in GeneticsTurksen, Adult al-Qaida Cells7

Ways to Generate Awareness Among the People

crude Conservation Fortnight (OCF) 4th 19thJanuary Petroleum or crude oil is a non renewable energy source that means it is present in the limited amount. If the use of oil bequeath continue with the cargonless nature it is going to exhaust by all odds at one mean solar day. Hence conservation of this valuable resource is the neediness of the hour.Therefore in order to generate awareness among the masses about the requisite of conserving petroleum products, the celebration of an Oil Conservation Week (OCW), with the participation of the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) and the entire oil industry under the commission of the Ministry of Petroleum & inseparable Gas (MPNG), began in January, 1991. Considering the overwhelming response and enthusiasm generated by OCW in the country, and to further increase the reach as well as the effectiveness of the oil conservation campaign, the duration of the program was increased to a fortnight from the year 1997 onwards. During this fortnight, the entire oil industry undertakes various kinds of activities to emphasize the need and importance of the conservation of petroleum products and environment protection. This is carried out through print and electronic media, training programs, kisan or farmer melas, technical meets and distribution of literature in national as well as vernacular languages all over the country.The activities are carried out by the State Level Coordinators (SLCs) of the oil industry in each State under the direction of the Regional Level Coordinators (RLCs). Awards are given to Large, Medium & Small industries, State & Regional Level Coordinators, State channelise Undertakings, Energy Auditors, Upstream & Refining oil. Companies for outstanding performance in oil conservation activities. The State/ National take Essay Competition Awards for students & teachers are likewise given. Oil & Gas ConservationOil and gas conservation means their better and more efficient use with re gard to economic, social or environmental costs and benefits, resulting in executement of higher energy use efficiencies, minimization of wasteful practices and wastage and protection of the environment. Petroleum is the primary energy source in India and a preferred swing open fire. Its consumption has been increasing at a very steep rate from 3. 5 MMT in 1950-51 to 84. 3 MMT in 1997-98 and reached 130 MMT in 2001-02 and 175 MMT in 2006-07.The up-to-the-minute estimate of internal gas reserves is about 100 million metric tons in the world. At current usage levels, this supply will last an estimated 100 years. In India, the power and fertilizer sector are major users of subjective gas. In India, production of Natural gas increased from 17998 Million Cubic Metres in 1990-91 to 32274 Million Cubic Metres in 2007-08. Accordingly Strategy of Promoting Oil Conservation Government has initiated various stairs to promote conservation of petroleum products in the transport, industrial, agricultural and domestic sectors.These include adoption of measures and practices which are conducive to increase kindle efficiency and training computer programme in the transport sector modernization of boilers, furnaces and other oil operated equipments with efficient ones and familiarity of enkindle efficient practices and equipment in the industrial sector standardization of fuel efficient irrigator pump-sets and rectification of existing pump-sets to make them more energy efficient in the agricultural sector and development as well as promotion of the use of fuel efficient equipment and appliances like kerosene and LPG stoves in the household sector.These activities are promoted and coordinated by the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) and Oil Marketing Companies under the guidance and supervision of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. The following specific activities are taken up from time to time. * Multi Media Mass Awareness candidacy Effective and result-oriented conservation methods adopted by the upstream undertakings in the oil sector like reduction of gas flaring by re-injection of gas to hugger-mugger reservoir, installation of waste heat recovery systems, utilization of non-conventional energy sources and close monitoring of all conservation efforts by ONGC. * Energy audits, efficiency upgradation of equipment and appliances substitution of diesel motor with Natural Gas, deployment of solar-powered illumination panel, battery operated vehicles, Bio-gas etc. * Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is used as a fuel in transport sector in many countries.Its advantage is being safe and clean burning fuel, besides being environment friendly fuel. * Blending ethanol (5%) / methanol (3%) with Petrol for apply in vehicles without any modification of engine. All these steps are certainly playing a major role in conserving Oil and Gas resources which are available to us in a limited amount. Let us be a part of this national activity by using natural resources wisely What Organization Can Do? Whenever you save energy, you non only save money, you also reduce the demand for such fossil fuels as coal, oil, and natural gas.Less burning of fossil fuels also means lower emissions of carbon dioxide ( carbon dioxide), sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter, Lead (Pb) etc. Lower emissions of CO2which is a green house gas contributes to reduce the impact of global warming. Similarly, lower emission of particulate matter and other pollutant help to reduce their perverting impact on the environment. For generating awareness * A School Childrens Rally for awareness * Organizing Film Festival, Seminars, exhibitions emphasizing value of natural resources need for their conservation. Organizing State/ National level Essay, Painting, Speech Competition about oil conservation especially emphasizing that children could be a beacon of light to guide the elders in the family and s ociety on how to conserve oil. * Introducing Publicity Van which will go all over the city cracking the message of oil conservation. * Organizing Street plays- with the objective to project the function oil conservation messages in a different way. * mathematical function of Solar Street lights. * In the rural sector, use of gobar gas plants, would be excellent fuel conservation technique.This awareness campaign should not end at the end of the fortnight, but should continue in the hearts of all of us. What we Can Do in our day today life for Oil Conservation * While cooking use wide bottom vessels with covers. * Allow food articles taken out of the refrigerators to attain room temperature before cooking them. * Soak cereals and dals for sometime before cooking them to reduce the cooking time as well as the fuel consumption. * Use just sufficient water for cooking. * Pressure cookers used with separators lead to substantial fuel saving. * Try to eat together to reverse repeate d warming of food.This not only saves fuel but also preserves the nutritional value of food. * Light the flame only after all preparations extradite been made and the vessel is ready to be put on the stove. * Use hot water from solar water heaters for cooking if the facility is available. * Try to use a solar cookers, solar lanterns. * The first rule of fuel conservation would be to travel judiciously and curtail wasteful driving. * Wherever possible/ available and convenient, use public transport instead of using personal transport. * Matching the size of the vehicle to your need would also go a long way in conserving fuel.For exemplification if you have the option of a personal car and a scooter, then use the scooter when only two persons have to travel, and the car if more persons have to travel or heavy luggage needs to be transported. * Emphasis should be given on reducing the use of petroleum products in our day to day life and act accordingly. This can be achieved by adopti ng car-pooling like practices. Car pooling will not only conserve fuel but will also improve social relations with your colleagues. * Use of solar lanterns in rural areas instead of kerosene based lamps. As far as possible, avoid idling the vehicle between red and green signal, be it a car, scooter or any other mechanized transport. * Try to buy fuel efficient vehicles. * There is no substitute for timely attention, servicing and tuning of the vehicle in fuel conservation and emission control. This should include checking of injectors and spark plugs, even up tire pressure, re-greasing, topping up or renewal of lubricants for engine and gear boxes. * Correct driving habits are important for fuel conservation. Try to avoid jerky Speeding, braking stopping, clutch riding, idling, over- speeding, and over-loading.All these small deeds will lead to fuel conservation and pollution control, which is our moral duty as citizens of India. It is the time we inculcate these measures to flu mmox a part of our daily routines. Only by practicing and preaching these conservation tips we can think of future progress. Given the difficult times ahead, it becomes our responsibility to spread this awareness, particularly amongst the youth who will be citizens of tomorrow. Good habits taught early will salvage the oil shortage to a great extent. This awareness campaign should not end at the end of the fortnight, but should continue in the hearts of all of us.

Influence of Brand Name on Consumer Decision Essay

In the present developing and modern day world, consumerism has dominated all the aspects of life. The life in the society follows the pattern of the capitalist culture where the clement values have a different measure, you are cognize by what you have not by what you are.This naturally leads to the life in a society where everyone wants to have a unique place in the society, by possessing the things which sets them apart from the rest of people in the society.In present society and life story way, the Brands not only represent the symbol of the smart set or product but to a larger extent define the general life of a person. What the person uses can reflect his taste of life, his status in the society, his economic background and galore(postnominal) other things. This makes a deep connection between the company and its brand, with the consumer. In this two way relation both are dependent on each other for various different cerebrates.In todays time customers are very deeply con nected to the brands. When they purchase any product like a car, mobile, items of daily need, brand name influence the consumers choice.Some customers purchase the specific brand things just due to the brand name. Customers believe that brand name is a symbol of quality.I found this provoke and wanted to find out whether brand name influences the consumer choice when they go for purchasing any product. I chose to for the specific product becausethis is one of the products which got my attention because of many reasons.Initially the car production was dominated by few companies and one or two countries. With the time, the market started to grow and once considered to be luxurious commodity, cars became a needrather than a choice. This increased the demand and with that many more thancompanies entered the arena to have their share of profit and exploit the growing market. This made the companies to typeset more efforts and money to creating brand awareness of their product.With the Huge sum of money and effort invested by the companies to create the awareness of their brand in the market, many questions get up does this really affect the purchasing decisionof the customer? Does the brand awareness somehow influence the sale of the product? Etc.On the basis of these questions, I formulated my problem as followsThe purpose of this thesis is to create deeper consideration of what influence a brand name can have, when people go for purchasing, drive the products between different brands in automobile industry. Further I want to identify, if there is a connection between brands and the consumer decision making process.I conducted this reading based on theories and surveys. I analyzed the result of the survey in order to be able to draw conclusions and find answers to my problem.I came to the conclusion that when consumer purchases a car, brand names influence his choice. Customers choose the well known branded car among other brands which are new or not so know n.The theme shows that branded cars have a great place in consumer mind, when customers go for purchasing a car, they prefer to purchase a well known branded car. Customers do not want to try new or unknown branded cars because they have no much information nigh thelesser known brand. Usually, people purchase well known branded cars because they might have heard before about brands or they have some information about them from other sources.This makes customer feel more comfortable during the time of decision making as they are not so confident about the companionship they have gathered about the other brands.The consumers are very conscious about branded and unbranded cars because they have the view that branded cars are more reliable than unbranded car. This study also explains that customers leave the branded cars quality. Before purchasing a car people do not consider the lesser known brand car, as people are very attached to some specific brands. Some people are loyal to sp ecific brands, everywhere time they want to purchase the same branded car because the specific brand has satisfied the customers needs and in turn has gained the trust in the brand name.I feel that the purpose of this study has been fulfilled to some extant. The theory describe that brand name has a power, which attracts the customers towards branded products. The reasonis that customer gets special connection with specific brands product and become the loyal with brand.

Heart of Darkness Novel on Seaman’s Life Charlie Marlow

Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness is about a seaman named Charlie Marlow and an induce he had as a younger man. Early in the novel it becomes apparent that there is a great administrate of tension in Marlows mind about whether he should profit from the immoral actions of the telephoner he works for which is involved in the ivory trade in Africa. Marlow believes that the company is brutish of the tension between moral enlightenment and capitalism . The dehumanization of its laborers which is so early apparent to Marlow seems to be unknown to other members of the Companys management.In this story Marlows auntie represents capitalism. Her efforts to get him a job are significant because of the morally compromising nature of the work of which she seems totally ignorant. When Marlow expresses doubts about the nature of the work, she replies, You forget, dear Charlie, that the labourer is worth(predicate)while of his hire (12). It is clear that Marlow has mixed feelings about t he whole idea. At one point, trying to justify his actions to himself, he says, You understand it was a continental concern, that Trading social club save I collect a lot of relations on the living continent, because its cheap and not so nasty as it looks they say (12). Marlow in the long run takes the job, however, and tells himself that the pain and unusually harsh treatment the workers are subjected to is minimal.During the tests and the requirements that he has to undergo before entering the jungle Marlow feels that he is being treated like a freak. The doctor measures his head and asks him questions such as, Ever any madness in your family? (15). In this part of the story Marlow is made to feel small and unimportant. Any feelings or concerns that he has are not important to the company, and as a result, he feels alone. It is only logical that Marlow would have been second guessing his decision and feeling close to kinship with the other (black) workers who are exploited, b ut he does not reveal any such understanding.Upon reaching his destination in Africa, Marlow finds that things are just the same. At the point when he is denied rest after traveling twenty miles on foot he sees things are not going to change. Marlow then tells of how disease and finis are running wild through out the area, and the company does nothing in the way of prevention other than to promote those who stay alive. Marlows theory on why the manager was in that position was that he was never ill (25). This is a bad situation for Marlow because he sees his boss as a truthful man with little else to offer the company other than to be a mindless foreman over the operation. This is an example of the company stripping self worth from its workers in the sense that it does not encourage or expect input from them. This is all significant because Marlow finds himself in a position where he is giving up a big piece of himself and his beliefs to make money.The tension between capitalism a nd moral enlightenment in the first twenty pages of this story is evident. Conrad uses Marlow to depict a seemingly good-hearted person caught in the middle of the common dilemma of moral ethics and desire for monetary success. Marlow knows that there is a great deal of repugnance in what he is doing, yet he finds himself forced to deal with it in his own personal way, which is justify it or ignore it. It is clear that the company also is forced to deal with this same issue, but it does it simply by pretending that it is not dehumanizing its entire work force. This blindness allows the Company to profit and prosper, but only at the expense of the lives of the workers in the jungle who have no way to protest or escape and the white collar workers like Marlow who have to live with their hypocrisy.

Stock-Flow Trap in US Economy

The model used in analyzing the article is the Balance of payments model. This model determines payments from maven particular country to all the others. It condenses all economic transactions that a country performs in a year.The countrys exports and imports of commodities may exist in forms of goods, function, financial capital, and transfers. This moulds the countries balance of payments. All transactions resulting to any payment or liabilities from debit holders and credit holders are indicated here.The calculation for the balance of payments involves the Current Account, derived from movement of goods and services the capital account, consequent to capital transfers and the attainment and the discard of non-financial assets that failed to be produced and the financial account, which accounts for movement of investments.This model involves the economic ideas found in the article like balances surrounded by investments both locally and internationally. It also involves the key reason for the high amount of critical stock of US. This model also touches the issue regarding dollar as a prime currency for both US and the world. However, to further explain the model and relate to the article of Eatwell and Taylor, the American Stock-flow Trap, we will need to define another macroeconomic concept, the liquidity trap. (Catherine)When expected returns from investments in securities or real plant and equipment are low, investment falls, a recession begins, and cash holdings in banks rise. People and businesses then pass on to hold cash because they expect spending and investment to be low. This is a self-fulfilling trap.(Mike Moffatt)In the article, the stock-flow trap is the main subject for discussion.The stock-flow trap happens when stock/flow ratios plump large, players in the financial markets first become suspicious and then may very rapidly flee into liquid holdings as they sell all the liabilities of the saving in question. (Eatwell and Taylor)The stock -flow trap creates the very foundations for liquidity trap to happen. This condition, as stated in the article, is also likely happen in stable economies like the US.During the eighties cipher deficit is $153 billion. This deficit gradually increases to $233 billion during the 1990s. At present, trade deficit still subsists in US economy. From 1980s, several administrations came out with plans to reduce budget deficit but these discrepancies prove that the policies were not that effective. Among these are the present policies of US President George W. pubic hair.Based on the article written by Heffner titled Bushs Economic Policies Pt. 1 the US government estimated a $5.6 trillion surplus. But upon office, Bush came up with a towering $2.8 trillion deficit. Because of this budget deficit, the federal government made amends through foreign borrowings that lead them deeper into the arms of stock-flow trap. By having these kinds of policies, the US government failed to eliminate the problem regarding critical stocks. Based on this observation, we can say that the US economy has not significantly change from the last two decades. Thus, a stock-flow trap still bounds to happen. (Heffner)ReferencesCatherine, L. M. (August 19, 1999 ). On the Causes of the US Current Account Deficit. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Peterson Institute for International Economics Web site http//www.iie.com/publications/papers/paper.cfm?ResearchID=353 Heffner, J. (Mar 21, 2003). Bushs Economic Policies Pt. 1. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Jobs and the Economy Web site http//www.mikehersh.com/Bush_Economics_Pt_1.shtml Eatwell, Taylor, J., L. (1999, September).The American Stock-Flow Trap. Challenge. 34-49. Mike Moffatt. What Happens If Interest Rates Go to Zero? 2006. The New York Times Company. december 12 2006. http//economics.about.com/cs/interestrates/a/zero_interest.htm.

Sustainable and Ecotourism

Current economic issues and theory Sustainable and Eco touring carry touristry Tourism is one of the fore around economic activities around the world. It suppuration has been one of the major economic and social phenomena of the twentieth century. Tourism has expanded dramatic eachy everywhere the put out years and has become a orbicular attention. We flush toilet define touristry as themovement of people, watering placeti wholly(prenominal)y and temporally, out of their own communities for leisure and business purposes. According to the initiation Tourism Organisation(WTO) tourist is a trim backor staying for much than 24 hours in a unsophisticated visited for business or leisure purposes.The term touristry is an umbrella for all relationships and phenomena associated with people who ar travelingling, whatever the reason. It has no clear boundaries and could be viewed as an diligence itself. In my work I would like to show the relationship between the tourism and environment. For the tourism service providers the most most-valuable is to grow the manufacture itself and attract to a greater extent visitors to destinations. Their main purpose is to gain much(prenominal) and to a greater extent profit. I withdraw that these type of theoriseing terminate be harmful for environment.Similar essay Role of Advertisement in Tourism DevelopmentTourism and tourist dope effect negatively the environment therefore we contribute talk about a form of tourism which is unsastainable. In this essay I will concern this issue too tho my main egress is the sustainability. Fortunately in last years people recognised the importance of the environment and forthwithadays they are taking this issue seriously. The tourism has negative but excessively positive affect on the environment therefore we can talk about a sustainable tourism. In the sideline I withdraw with this issue much detailed and I try to find the answer how universal it is among tour ists or tour operators.Unsustainable tourism As I mentioned tourism is now among the worlds most relevant industries generating jobs for millions of people and profit all over the world. At the same time tourism can rent terrific effects on the people and places it embraces. Mainly the mass toursim has negative effects. What can be the worst effects of unmanaged, unsustainable tourism? previously undeveloped coastal colonisations can become sprawling, charmless towns o their seas poisoned by sewage their beaches stained with litter historic towns and their streets choked with traffic any(prenominal) of the worlds richest environments bruised by the tourist plan of attack distinctive wildlife driven to near-extinction changes in the landscape orgasm from the construction of infrastructure, makes and facilities air pollution and waste the intensive use of water and land by tourism and leisure facilities the disturbance of fauna and topical anaesthetic people (for caus e, by noise)We can write umpteen pros and cons of tourism. I think the worst effect of unsustainable tourism is when lone approximately(prenominal) the financial profit come into the strong focus. Becuse tourism readys a few people extremely rich, while impoverishing the majority, who lose their land, their resources and their sense of self. Tourism is non upright about money, it should give benefits for tourist and topical anesthetic communities too. The main goals of tourism should include the satisfaction of tourists, profit for tourism industry, wealth to topical anaesthetic people.Changes in the landscape coming from the construction of infrastructure, buildings and facilities is one of the disadvantage of sustainable tourism but this can also benefit to local communities. I think the cooperation between the tourism industry providers (relevant ministries, government, management) and local organizations and communities can mitigate the negative effects. Sustainable Tou rism Definition Sustainable Tourism demands social responsibility, a strong commitment to nature and the consolidation of local people in any tourist operation or development. Sustainable tourism has several definitions.According to the definition of the Federation of Nature and National Parks, sustainable tourism is All forms of tourism development, management and activity that maintain the environmental, social and economic integrity and strong-being of natural, built and cultural resources in perpetuity. (FNNP, 1993) Sustainable tourism is defined by theWorld Tourism Organisation(WTO), theTourism Council(WTTC) and theEarth Councilas Sustainable Tourism Development meets the drivefully of present tourists, host regions while defend and enhancing opportunity for the future.It is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be carry through while maintaining cultural integrity, inborn ecological processes, bi ological diversity and life support systems. Sustainable tourism products are products which are operated in harmony with the local environment, community and cultures so that these become the beneficiaries not the victims of tourism development.Sum up these definitions I can say that sustainable tourism is the form of tourism that does not stretch the availability of resources and does not prevent future travelers from enjoying the same experience. Responsible Tourism, Soft Tourism, Minimum Impact Tourism and Alternative Tourism are terms with a similar meaning as Sustainable Tourism. Sustainable Tourism Development The significance and volume of tourism shows that it is not enough to develop new forms of choice tourism in order to minimise the negative effects and maximise the positive impacts of tourism development.The whole sector must be developed and managed in a way that it does not damage the natural and socio-cultural environment. In my point of view it can be fully execut ed if the government, the managers and leaders of tourism industry recognise the harmful and negative effects of tourism and they introduce more regulations cerebrate to sustainability, they motivate tour o business officeors to promote this type of tourism among their clients and they release more related ads and topics in media. This is the responsibility of the world-wide tourism industry.The concept of sustainable development was introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development in the Brundtland narration in 1987, defining sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Since its prevalentation, the consumption of tourism has been analysed and the concept of sustainable tourism appeared. The main message of the Brundtland Report seems to be more and more accepted by the tourism industry all over the world.Ecological sustainability means that tourism dev elopment does not cause irreversible changes in a given destinations ecosystem. at that place is an obvious need all over the world to protect natural resources from the negative impacts of tourism activities. In order to avoid or minimise unfavourable impacts, decision-makers must be aware of all the factors that play a role in the development process. Indicators of Sustainability Indicators measure information with which decision-makers may reduce the chances of unknowingly taking poor decisions (WTO, 1996).In some other intelligence activitys, in the amount of the progress that an individual destination is fashioning towards sustainable tourism development, sustainability indicators are commonly accepted as one set of useful tools. Indicators are twain a tool for management today and an investment in the future, since they reduce the risk of inadvertent damage to the resource base on which the tourist industry depends (WTO, 1996). There are some factors which are pushing t he tourism industry towards a sustainable development approach Increasing regulatory measures The sentience by governments and operators that the growth of tourism can have a negative impact on the environment I think the government and the competent ministries should take the first steps. They should collective with tourism service providers and with the management and create new regulations and laws. It is very important to take into account sustainability and preservation of nature. Tourism professionals and operators recognise that environmental quality is essential for a competitive product Growing wareness of cost savings from sensible resource consumption Growing knowingness of communities about their potential to influence tourism policy Similiar forms of tourism Responsible Tourism Tourism which operates in such a way as to minimize negative impacts on the environment. For example aforest trip using Leave No Trace ethics would be considered responsible tourism while d une buggy tours would not. Nature-Based Tourism A term for any activity or travel experience with a focus on nature.These types of trips may or may not be environmentally sustainable or responsible. A cruise ships to view penguins in Antarctica fall into this category. I think that this type of tourism is sligthly more popular than sustainable tourism. It needs fewer responsibilty. Travels or trips in nature have perpetually been very sought and beloved among families or other butt joint collections. For example in my village and in the neighboring settlements exist tourist groups who regularly participate in different type of nature-based tours.They very much go hiking, climbing, they participate on wine tours, visit thermal bathes or observe animals. They like nature and activities connected to nature but it is not guarantee that they conserve the nature and they improve the place they visit. verdure Tourism Often used inter-changeably with eco-tourism and sustainable tourism but more precisely described as any activity or facility develop in an environmentally friendly fashion. A lodge with composting toilets and solar powered lighting is probably green.There are varying degrees of greenness an knowingness of where resources are coming from and where wastes are going is at the heart of the idea. Ecotourism The Ecotourism Society defines it as responsible travel to natural spheres which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people. A rafting trip is ecotourism in that case when it raises sensation and help to protect the watershed. A pass in the rainforest is not ecotourism unless that particular walk somehow benefits that environment and the people who live there.Eco-tourism means when you go to atrip and you will help to conserve and improve the place you visit. In the last few years ecotourism has become a buzz word to sell a physique of products. Almost any term prefixed with eco will increase busy and sales. Thus, i n the last few years there has been a proliferation of advertisements in the travel field with such references as ecotour, ecotravel, eco-vacation, eco (ad) ventures, eco-cruises, eco-safaris and of course, eco-tourism (Wight, 1994).In my panorama some companies use the word eco because of particular ineterest or benefit. Maybe that eco-products and eco-services make them better reputation or greater madia interest. Therefore I think there are some companies which are not totally aware of the meaning eco and they use it for their advantage. Marta Honeys book Ecotourism and Sustainable Developmentdetermine 7 defining points of ecotourism 1) Involves travel to natural destinations remote areas, enviromental protection.In my point of view it can be dangerous because in remote areas there are living just small group of people who can form a quite closed community. For them it can be strange to accept and receive tourist, especially huge flake of tourist. In other hand, growing touri sm have other consequences to build the necessary infrastructure which could change the local untouched environment. In that case I think the tour operators and organizers should keep the tourism under control, regulate the number of tourists, involve local people to the whole process.For example using private accomodation instead of well-favored hotels can be a good idea or small restaurants which shot local foods can be attractive for tourist and prifitable for local people. 2) Minimizes impact ecotourism use recycled materials, plentyfully available local building materials, renewable sources of energy, recycling and safe disposal of waste and garbage, environmentally and culturally sensitive architectural design. In my opinion it is relevant to draw peoples attention to these methods or they should be regulated in order to ensure limited damage to the ecosystem. ) Builds environmental awareness education for both tourists and residents apologise educational trips, reading materials The Ecotourism Societies guidelines well-trained, multilingual naturalist guides with skills in natural and cultural history, environmental interpretation, ethical principles and effective communication. I think it is important for tourist to gain some knowledge about the host outlandish. Every nation has other regulations, habbits, values and culture. Environmental regulations and attitude to sustainability differ from country to country and therefore it is recommended to be informed of certain things. ) Provides direct financial benefits for conservation park entrance fees, tour confederacy, hotel, airline and airport taxes and voluntary contributions. 5) Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local people local community must be involved with and receive income and other tangible benefits (potable water, roads, health clinics, etc. ) from the conservation area and its tourist facilities. I think the popular destination, for example National Parks and other conservation areas will only survive if there are joyous people around their perimeters. ) Respects local culture learning beforehand about the local customs, respecting dress codes and other social norms. As I originally mentioned gain some knowledge about the host country will benefit us. 7) Supports human rights and democratic movements Ecotourist need to be sensitive to the host countrys policy-making environment and social climate and need to consider the merits of international boycotts called for by those supporting democratic reforms, majority rule, and human rights. marketing for sustainable tourismAccording to my view an intensive marketing activity can greatly influence the success of a given topic. For instance if the marketers release lot of articles and ads about the sustainability and the importance of it as aresult more and more people are going to deal with the topic. If the marketers raise the public attention than they can make the next step more easily. Im plementation of the marketing concept in tourism can be achieved through the use of a variety of marketing tools and techniques (Popadopolous, 1989 Calantone and Mazanec, 1991). SegmentationSuccessful market segmentation and targeting involve the appropriate matching of tourist needs with the experience being offered, and, in the case of sustainable tourism, the need for this match is particularly important (Tregear et al. , 1997). Tourism organizations need to give greater consideration to segmenting their market with a view to concentrating on those categories of visitor that are not only economically attractive, but are also likely to be susceptible to messages aimed at encouraging them to adopt sustainable behaviors (Dinan, 2000).I think that during the segmentation process the tourism organizations can choose the right target group who will address later with intensive markerting campaign. On the other hand it is also important to deal with people who are not and the ecaxt tar get audience. There are key members, for example the tour oparators or travel agents who can influnce the tourists and encourage them to pay greater attention to sustainable tours. Marketing mix All elements of the marketing mix need to be in harmony in order to increase the success ProductIf we would like to achieve more sustainable tourism we should developing products which are more sustainable in nature- conservation holidays, vacation packages using public transport rather than private cars, pocket-sized rural community-based tourism initiatives- and moving away from offering products which are intrinsically not sustainable- hunting trips, destinations with poor environmental standards. Intermediaries between tourists and tourism service providers are tour operators who create complete holiday packages and bring together a variety of services.These packages are marketed to customers either directly or through travel agents. apiece package generally consists of allowance (oft en with food service), transport both to and from the destination, ground transport within the destination and events or activities. Today, many consumers expect from the tour operators to come out them products which provide not just quality and value-for-money, but also safeguard environmental and social sustainability. Example The Green Travel Market is a global facility to integrate sustainable products into the packages of European and Northern American tour operators.Green Travel Market gives up-to-date and reliable information on existing sustainable tourism products destinations, protected areas, accommodation networks, individual accommodation, visitor attractions and activities, excursions or tours, incoming tour operators and transport services. Green Travel Marker is in contact with more than 1. 500 touroperators and with its wide range of services help to local products and services to reach European and US tour operators and media. Price The price paid by the tourist should cover the full cost of their holiday.The cost must also be high enough to Ensure a satisfactory experience for the tourist I think satisfactory experience means quality and value for the money paid by the tourist. In the case of sustainabilty there are added other values, for example connection to nature, preservation of the origin environment, improve the visited area or just raise awareness. I have heard several times that the tourists were not totally satisfied with their holiday. Maybe the accomodation had not that quality what the travel agency promised or tourists did not receive a service or the visited place were not an ecotourist destination however they paid for it.I guess in these cases the travel agencies are quilty or faulty because they always have to be aware of the services they offer. They always should have up-to-date information and organise trips for the agents in order to get familiar with the offered destination. Provide a satisfactory level of profit for the tourism industry Generate an appropriate level of benefits for the host community Cover costs involved in putting right any damage caused by the tourist to the environment Pay for the resources consumed by the tourist sternPlace refers to the location at which any service component the subject of the marketing campaign will be delivered. Place also refer to the channels of information that are used to spread the message. Promotion I think promotion has the most important role of all elements of marketing mix. By using promotional techniques we can create more sustainable forms of tourism. We can reach large number of people by suing promotional methods. Sustainable promotion should focus on promoting and advertising a tourist site, highlighting the unique characteristics of the area in order not to cause vexation and frustration among tourists.It is important to promote brochures and advertisements which reflect reality. In my opinion it is necessary to show pictures of a given destination in order to get more realistic picture. An other good idea can be to create a blog where tourists can share their experineces and give some advice for future travelers. Tourism organizations and destinations can also use literature and advertisements to raise tourist awareness relating to sustainability. They can undertake green marketing or promote soft tourism and infomr tourists of the impacts of their presence.Tools Communicating sustainability It is essential to inform tourists in a positive way about sustainability efforts and draw attention that environmental quality means quality tourism experience. If we talk about environmental quality we can mention the following small-scale, quality service, personal relations, traditions, intact and protected nature, rest, modern lifestyle and healthy and local food. Eco-labelled products provide good quality service and quality products should respect the environment. Example Communication efforts of VISITThe Europ ean VISIT initiative developed its own communication dodge for environmental quality in tourism. In 2002, the VISIT image campaign was launched under the motto Caring for the Environment is caring for the punishor. This slogan connects environmental quality with the quality of the product and experiences in addition it raises the overall awereness about this topic. They used print and online media (brochures, catalogues, website, publications) in order to spread the message. The VISIT Holiday carry was launched in 2003 under the motto Your visit makes the difference.It provides detailed and structured description of more than 1,000 hotels, bed & breakfasts, holiday houses, youth hostels, camping sites and restaurants. Education and awareness programmes Environmental educationis a learning process that increases peoples knowledge and awareness about the environment and associated challenges, develops the necessary skills and expertise to address the challenges, fosters attitudes, motivations and commitments to make informed decisions and take responsible action (UNESCO, Tbilisi Declaration, 1978).Education and awareness programm should address to both the professional sector and the general public. These programms should contain information about the direct and indirect impacts of tourism, the causes with his effects, the global and local issues, the immediate and long-term issues and good practices in the area. Key members of spreading information are tour operators. They can provide variety of information about sustainable tourism issues, encourage their clients to conserve, avoid negative impacts on environment and cultural heritage, to respect national egislation of the visited area as well as traditions of local communities. Education and awareness-raising is also required at all levels of government. The relevant ministries have to deal with tourism and enviromental issues. It is quite important to raise awareness within the academic sector responsible for training and research on issues regarding sustainable tourism. In my opinion the education and awareness programs means the most important tools of promotion and form the basis of the sustainable marketing. It is essential to start raise awareness in the kindergarten or in elementary school.If we show good example for children and we emphasize the importance of sustainability and preservation they will take this issue seriously form they childhood. I think that is the problem in many countries because people often feel that enviromental problems are just magnified and we have other problems in society or in our life which are more important or urgent. But it is not true because if we dont take seriously these problems and dont deal with that issue now maybe that we can do nothing in the future. It is the responsibilty of all people to conserve the environonment and draw other people attention to the importance of the issue.Ecotourism in Hungary In the last few years Hungary has taken a really proactive approach to ecotourism. The country has more than 300 nationally protected areas and over 1 000 locally protected sites. Hungarys attitude towards conservation and preservation is one that facilitates ecotourism efforts by local businesses and ecotourism demand from tourists. Hungary is a great place where tourists and local people can find number of way to relax and have fun. In the following Iwill show some good opportunity for ecotourism in Hungary. BudapestBudapest is the Hungarys capital and an progressively popular spot for tourists. With its rich and complex history, stunning architecture, lovely people, and fantastic culture, Budapest is one of the great cities of Eastern Europe. Budapests Urban Adventures offer some great, locally-run day tours with a touch of ecotourism for everyone. Their specially designed Budapest tours allow visitors to discover the metropolis in apersonal and unique way. erraticlocal experiencesare integral to responsible t ravel, and one of the classic local experiences in Budapest is to visit cities thermal baths.Visitors can learn about the countrys spa traditions and explore some of the metropoliss best landmarks on this adventure. These thermal baths areicons of Budapest, and are frequented by both locals and tourists who are feeling to soak away their problems and pains. Budapest Urban AdventuresSights & Spas tourputs a unique spin on the thermal bath experience by providing visitors with an insight into spa traditions and histories, as well as other traditional and architectural elements of the city. Sights and Spa tour Highlights Ride the continents oldest subwayLearn about Hungarian spa traditions Visit a church carved into a hill Discover Budapests Jewish quarter See Europes largest synagogue approve the buildings from a city tram Walk through City Park Experience the cosmopolitan vibe of Budapest An other interesting offer of this company is the Budapest Explorer tour by which visitors ca n explore the capital by tram, foot and metro. Budapest Explorer tour Highlights Explore the iconic city landmarks on this Budapest tour Ride the continents oldest subway Admire the waterfront from a city tram Walk through City ParkExperience the aureole of a Budapest market Stroll along Andrassy Avenue Explore Franz Liszts old neighbourhood Discover local Budapest travel highlights and World Heritage sites Farm-House Hostel Many tourists come to Hungary and stay only in Budapest but it is worthwhile getting out of the city andvisiting other part of this wonderful country. In the south part of Hungary there is a tiny village Kiskassa where visitors find the extremely hospitable and totally endearingEcohun Hostel. Ecohun is atraditional Hungarian farm-housethat islocally owned and operated.The hostel has the same facilities as a typical hostel, in addition it offers guests a unique insight into the local agriculture industry and traditions. The hostel typically caters to short-term accommodation but for those who are seriously interested in sustainable agriculture and alternative technologies, longer-term accommodation is available. Ithink this form of ecotourism is avery interesting one beacause nowadays lots of people would like to escape from busy cities, hide in acalm environment and enjoy the opportunities of the nature.Ihave some experiences in that area. Ihave worked for three summers in asmall hotel in Slovakia. This hotel accomodates tourists who came to the city because of the thermal bath. The hotel has the ideal potentials for ecotourism beacuse it has abig garden and almost every food ingredients, vegetables and fruits come from that garden, there are lot of animals which are very popular among the hosts, they can stroke and feet them and the hotel is sorrounded by alarge yard with beautiful flowers and trees.They regularly organise traditional programs, for example riding days, arts and crafts camps or public picksticking. Ireally enjoyed workin g here. One thing which Ican suggest to this hotel to promote themselves more in ecotourism way beacuse they emphasized mainly the accomodation and the related services and such values as nature, original agricultural traditions, calm atmosphere were less highlighted. Local Birdwatching Tours Hungary is home to an exceptionally diverse cascade of birds, making it anattractive ecotourism destinationfor birding. The spring and summer onths are the best period for this type ofecotourism in Hungary, because most of birds are present. Ecotoursdescribe themselves as thenatural leadersin Eastern Europe. Ecotours offer a variety of tours to ecotourism destinations around the world, but the majority of their tours are in Hungary. Their tours are typically very specialised. They provide profesionally manoeuvre birding trips, birdwatching, butterfly, wildlife, nature and culture tours. Taking a tour with Ecotours is a sure way to experience local fauna from one of the leaders inecotourism in Hungary.According to my opinion the countys potentials are good but maybe not well-exploited. People are not well informed about ecotours and ecotravels. In many cases those people are attending on these kind of tours who have similiar hobbies. For example people who like birds and animals they are mostly participating on professionally maneuver bird watching tours or on wildlife tours or people who love sports are attending on cycling or hiking tours. This is not problem because they can enjoy their hobbies.On other hand Ithink these programs can be promoted among people who are looking for arelaxing weekend. Not just an dear(predicate) wellness hotel can provide carefree relaxation but atrip in the nature can be memorable and restful. Hungary should more in effect and intesively advertise or promote its potentials. For example when Iwas working in atravel agency in Gyor during my internship Idid not meet with a brochure or catalogue which was focused on ecotourism. Our agency d id not offer any type of program related to ecotourism.Iknow just some organised cycling tours in Gyor which can be mentioned as ecotourism. Sum up Ithink ecotourism must be developed and promoted in the following years beacuse despite of the favorable potentials, ecotourism is not quite popular in Hungary. As Imentioned good marketing and communication tools can greatly help. decisiveness It is obvious that the tourism is the quickest and largest growing industry in the world beacuse millions of people are travelling every year. Travel and tourism is an important part of the world economy.Fortunately people realized the importance of the environment therefore sustainable and ecotourism started to develope rapidly. Eco travel or travel for the purpose of experiencing wildlife, natural attractions and indigenous cultures has become the fastest growing segment of global tourism. Ecotoursim in Hungaryis still growing and will likely continue to experience an increase in ecotourism oper ators as well as ecotourists. The country has a lot of potential and the right attitude therefore Hungary can become an attractive ecotourism destination in the near future.In my opinion building enviromental awereness is the most important part in the marketing process of sustainable tourism. It is very importatant to start education and awereness programs in elementary schools or kindergartens, organize free educational trips, supply reading materials about this issue. Education and awereness programs should address tourists, general public and government too. It is essential to draw attention to the importance of this topic because we have to care about the future generation. Resources ttp//www. guardian. co. uk/travel/2002/jul/07/travelnews. observerescapesection1 http//www. globalbasecamps. com/sustainable-tourism-ecotourism http//www. mynatour. org/destination/ecotourism-hungary-local-experiences http//www. untamedpath. com/Ecotourism/what_is_ecotourism. html http//www. untame dpath. com/Ecotourism/defining. html http//www. linkbc. ca/torc/downs1/vol26no1_article06. pdf http//www. biodiversity. ru/coastlearn/tourism-eng/tools_si. html http//www. englisharticles. info/2010/06/19/unsustainable-tourism/

Airline Economics Essay

The purpose of this note is to provide background to the study of the flight path industry by briefly discussing four important economic aspects of the industry (1) the spirit and measurement of flight path terms (2) economies of scope and hub-and-spoke ne 2rks (3) the relationship amid yields and market characteristics and (4) the S-curve effect. The Appendix to this note contains a glossary of key terms utilise throughout the discussion.Airline CostsAirline lives fall into three broad categoriesflight sensitive cost which vary with the number of flights the airline offers. These include the be associated with crews, aircraft servicing, and fuel. Once the airline sets its schedule, these costs are fixed. traffic-sensitive costs which vary with the number of passengers. These include the costs associated with items such as ticketing agents and food. Airlines plan their expenditures on these items in anticipation of the level of traffic, but in the short run, these costs ar e also fixed. fixed overhead costs which include general and administrative expenses, costs associated with marketing and advertising, and interest expenses.The largest category of costs is flight-sensitive. An important point about an airlines cost structure, and a key to understanding the nature of emulation in the industry, is that once an airline has set its schedule, nearly all of its costs are fixed and thus cannot be avoided. Because it is better to generate cash full point to cover some fixed costs, as opposed to none at all, an airline will be willing to fly passengers at prices far under its add up total cost. This implies that the incidence of price wars during periods of low demand is apparent to be greater in this industry than in most.There are two alternative measures of an airlines average (or, equivalently, unit) costscost per available seat mile (ASM)cost per receipts passenger mile (rev)Cost per ASM is an airlines operating costs divided by the total number of seat-miles it flies. (An available seat mile is one seat flown one mile.) It is essentially the cost per unit of depicted object. Cost per RPM is the airlines operating costs divided by the number of revenue-passenger miles it flies. (A revenue passenger mile is one passenger flown one mile.) It is essentially the cost per unit of factual output. These two measures are related by the formulaCost per RPM = cost per ASM ( institutionalize component partwhere load factor is the fraction of seats an airline acquires on its flights. In the end, it is cost per RPM that an airline must worry about, for it must cover its cost per RPM to make a profit.Airlines differ greatly in both their costs per ASM and costs per RPM. For example, in 1992 Southwest had a cost per ASM of 7.00 cents, while USAir had a cost per ASM of 10.90 cents. Similarly, Delta had a cost per RPM of 15.33 cents while American had a cost per RPM of 13.81.Differences across airlines in cost per ASM reflect differenc es in1) average length of flights (cost per ASM declines with out outdo).2) fleet composition (cost per ASM is smaller with bigger planes).3) input prices, especially wage rates.4) input productivity, especially labor.5) overall operating efficiency.Differences across airlines in cost per RPM reflect differences in cost perASM plus differences in load factor. Two airlines might arrive very similar costs per ASM, but quite an different costs per RPM because of differences in load factor. For example, in 1992 USAir and Uniteds cost per ASM differed by less than 2 cents (USAir 10.90, United 9.30), but their costs per RPM differed by nearly 5 cents (USAir 18.54, United 13.80) because of USAirs degrade overall load factor (USAir .59, United .67)Economies of Scope and Hub-and-Spoke NetworksEconomies of scope run across an important role in shaping the structure of the U.S. airline industry. The source of economies of scope in the airline industry is the hub-and-spoke profit. In hub- and-spoke network, an airline flies passengers from a set of spoke cities through a central hub, where passengers then change planes and fly from the hub to their outbound destinations. Thus, a passenger drop deading from, say, Omaha to Louisville on American Airlines would board an American flight from Omaha to Chicago, change planes, and then fly from Chicago to Louisville.In general, economies of scope occur when a multiproduct firm can elicit given quantities of products at a subvert total cost than the total cost of producing these same quantities in separate firms. If quantity can be mass into a common measure, this definition is equivalent to saying that a firm producing many products will have a lower average cost than a firm producing just a few products. In the airline industry, it makes economic sense to think about individual origin-destination play offs (e.g., St. Louis to New Orleans, St. Louis to Houston, etc.) as distinct products. Viewed in this way, economies o f scope would exist if an airlines cost per RPM is lower the more origin-destination pairs its serves.To understand how hub-and-spoke networks give rise to economies of scope, it is first necessary to inform economies of density. Economies of density are essentially economies of scale along a given passage, i.e., reductions in average cost as traffic plenty on the route increases. Economies of density occur because of two factors (1) spreading flight sensitive fixed costs and (2) economies of aircraft size. As an airlines traffic volumeincreases, it can fill a larger fraction of seats on a given type of aircraft and thus increase its load factor. The airlines total costs increase totally slightly as it carries more passengers because traffic-sensitive costs are small in relation to flight-sensitive fixed costs.As a result, the airlines cost per RPM fall as flight-sensitive fixed costs are spread over a larger traffic volume. As traffic volume on the route gets even larger, it b ecomes worthwhile to substitute larger aircraft (e.g., 300 seat Boeing 767s) for smaller aircraft (e.g., 150 seat Boeing 737s). A key aspect of this telephone exchange is that the 300 seat aircraft flown a given distance at a given load factor is less than twice as costly as the 150 seat aircraft flown the same distance at the same load factor. The reason is that doubling the number of seats and passengers on a plane does not require doubling the number of pilots or flight attendants or the amount of fuel.Economies of scope emerge from the interplay of economies of density and the properties of a hub-and-spoke network. To see how, consider an origin-destination pair say, Indianapolis to Chicago with a modest amount of traffic. An airline serving only this route would use small planes, and even then, would probably operate with a low load factor. But now consider an airline serving a hub-and-spoke network, with the hub at Chicago. If this airline offered flights between Indianapol is and Chicago, it would not only draw passengers who want to travel from Indianapolis to Chicago, but it would also draw passengers from traveling from Indianapolis to all other points accessible from Chicago in the network (e.g., Los Angeles or San Francisco). An airline that includes the Indianapolis-Chicago route as part of a larger hub-and-spoke network can operate larger aircraft at higher(prenominal) load factors than an airline serving only Indianapolis-Chicago.As a result, it can benefit from economies of density to achieve a lower cost per RPM along the Indianapolis-Chicago route. In addition, the traffic between Indianapolis and the other spoke cities that will fly through Chicago will increase load factors and lower costs per RPM on all of the spoke routes in the network. The overall effect an airline that serves Indianapolis-Chicago as part of a hub-and-spoke network will have lower costs per RPM than an airline that only servesIndianapolis-Chicago. This is precisely wh at is meant by economies of scope.Relation Between Airline Yields and Market CharacteristicsAn airlines yield is the amount of revenue it collects per revenue passenger mile. It is essentially a measure of the average airline fares, adjusting for differences in distances between different origins and destinations. Airline yields are strongly affected by the characteristics of the particular origin-destination market being served. In particular, there are two important relationships Shorter distance markets (e.g., New York-Pittsburgh) tend to have higher yields than longer distance markets (e.g., New York-Denver). Controlling for differences in the number of competitors, flights between smaller markets tend to have higher yields than flights between larger markets.The reasons for relationship 1) are summarized in insert 1.shorter distancehigher cost per RPMlower load factorhigher cost per RPMhigher yieldFigure 1Cost per ASM generally falls as distance increases. This is because, say , doubling trip mileage does not require doubling key inputs such as fuel or labor. Thus, shorter flights have higher cost per ASM than longer flights, and airlines must achieve higher yields to cover these higher costs. In addition, shorter distance flights generally have lower load factors than longer distance flights, which implies a higher cost per RPM for shorter distance flights, again requiring higher yields. Why are load factors lower for shorter flights?The reasons has to do with the greater substitutionpossibilities that consumers have in short-distance markets (e.g., car of train travel are more viable options). In short distance markets, we would therefore expect that some fraction of time-sensitive travelers (e.g., vacationers) would travel on these alternative modes, so short distance flights would have a higher proportion of time-sensitive travelers (e.g., business persons) than longer distance flights. Competitive pressures thus issue airlines to offer more frequent flight schedules in short-distance markets, which leads to lower load factors.The reason for relationship 2) has to do with the economies of density discussed earlier. Smaller markets will have lower traffic volumes, and airlines will generally operate smaller aircraft at lower load factors, increasing costs per RPM and yields.The S-Curve EffectThe S-curve effect refers to a phenomenon whereby a dominant crew cuts market package (share of RPM) in a particular origin-destination market tends to be greater than the carriers share of capacity (share of ASM). Thus, for example, if United offers 70% of the seats flown between Denver and San Francisco, and Continental flies the remaining 30%, then the S-curve effect says that Uniteds share of the actual traffic in this market will be greater than 70% and Continentals will be less than 30%. This translates into an S-shaped relationship between share of capacity and market share, as shown in Figure 2.The S-curve effects stems from two so urces. First, an airline with a greater share of capacity in a market is likely to have greater visibility in that market, so passengers are likely to contact it first. Second, an airline with a greater capacity share is likely to have more frequent and thus more convenient departures. This, too, works to boost its share of the actual traffic.The S-curve phenomenon makes capacity an important competitive artillery unit in the rivalry among airlines. An airline with the financial resources to purchaseaircraft and airport gates to achieve a dominant capacity share on key routes is likely to win the fight for market share. This suggests that, in general, it will be very difficult for a small carrier to challenge a dominant carrier at a hub airport, unless the small carrier can achieve significant cost advantages unrelated to scale. The history of competition in the post-deregulation airline industry seems to tolerate this out.

Business Plan – Kari & the Keys

Executive Summary Welcome to the future of practice of medicine diversion for your next face. Kari and the Keys, brings to the community of cedar tree Rapids and surrounding argonas, a breath of fresh air in medicinal drug entertainment. By combining two gifted musicians, going the extra mile, and offering a wide variety of music styles to suit your needs, Kari and the Keys will lead the event entertainment market, providing a praise worthy accomplishance every time.Kari and the Keys is a small business aimed at the sizeable time. In coiffe to reach our giant goals, we must focus on the mission behind the vision. We offer a one-two punch by providing a utterer and accompanist, provide a superior sound trunk, and ensure a worry and hassle-free event all with one phone call. Keeping In tune with the needs of the market, consistently updating our music portfolio, all while ensuring the customer receives the individual attention they deserve, is the vision and daily mission of Kari and the Keys. 2.Objective It is our objective to Achieve name cognizance labeled as the best entertainment for your event Provide the convenience of a one stop divulge for music entertainment offering come apart talent ND prices than our competitors delivering top notch customer satisfaction. Obtain 30% of the market share for event entertainers within 2 years 3. Mission elysian by our passion for music, Kari and the Keys want to engage your audience In an Incredible music experience, through a praise-worthy performance, for your event. 4. Keys to success Our keys to success include a.Offering Talented Musicians professionally trained musicians who share a passion for music and performing Eric Sternest Organist/Plants, formally studied music and Plano at Amanita State university, 25 years of experience. Karl Burch vocaliser (Soprano/Alto), formally studied music and vocal performance at university of Iowa, 20 years of experience b. Customer Satisfaction We strive for exemplary focus on the customers satisfaction and his/her experience two with us and the outcome received by hiring for an event. 5.Company Summary Kari and the Keys is comprised of a utterer (Kari Burch) and an accompanist (Eric Sternest) subdued/organ, fully equipped to perform at your personal or corporate event. We are both formally trained musicians and offer a wide variety of music to choose from for your finical event including Recent pop songs, Music from the asss and asss, Traditional/non-traditional wedding and/or secular music, Popular/traditional Christmas music. Additionally, we own a professional sound system inclusive of two (2) main speakers, monitor, mixer, microphone and keyboard.Our primary focus of business will be weddings and corporate events however, we have the cap cleverness to provide music entertainment for most occasions. The geographic area we are focusing on for marketing and services is primarily locations within the Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclu sive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha). It is classic that all business conducted will include an Event Contract, which is a legally binding agreement between Kari and the Keys and the Event Requester. A down payment of $ one hundred fifty is required to keep on the date for each event.This is a non- refundable payment and required at the time the event date is booked and Event Contract executed. Kari and the Keys is organise as a partnership encompassing two general partners who are Kari J. Burch and Eric Sternest each owns 50% of the company. Kari conducts the accounting, marketing strategies and legal duties Eric handles executing on social media, the companys website design, and conflict requests. Each partner shares daily business duties evenly. 6. Company History Eric and I have known of each other for 20 years. Even then we both recognized and appreciated each other for our respective musical talents.About 2 years ago, I reached out to Eric to determine whether or not he would be interested in playing for me with the intention to record a few traditional and non-traditional wedding songs. I was expression for an outlet to be able to compass back into the singing world. Time went by and schedules precluded things from formulating. In January 2014, we reconnected and decided that we no longer wanted to squander our musical talent. With the passion for music and the uncanny ability to perform seamlessly as a duo, we decided to form Kari and the Keys. The initial intention was Daniel Urethras, Parlor city, Java Creek, etc.However, after investigating the local anaesthetic event entertainment market, we believed our team could offer an a locale of refinement and amazing live entertainment for both weddings and corporate events. Kari and the Keys are able to offer a one stop shop when a person or organization is looking to book music for an event. The customer isnt burdened with finding and coordinating a singer and a piano player we offer both. We are a keen team who has the ability to listen, understand and respond uniquely and creatively to the growing needs and constantly melted expectations of our customers.Additionally, based on our research, Kari and the Keys is the only singer/piano duos in the Cedar Rapids Metro Area. 7. Products and Service Kari and the Keys are event entertainers. We are comprised of a female singer and male piano player by trade and offer a variety of music genres to provide either focal r background entertainment at your special event. Additionally, we are not pretentious performers who demand or expect things from our customers. We believe our strength lies in working for and satisfying every customer.In order to achieve the expectations of the customer, we believe in key service quality ideals, which will help us attain a high level of customer satisfaction. much(prenominal) ideals include I. Timeliness and convenience it. Personal attention to desirable needs and wants iii. Reliable and d ependable v. Responsiveness to requests v. Assurances and availability We also share a usual drive for success. We dont simply want to be a run of the mill performance act we want to be the recognized leader if you are looking for music to be performed at your event.Kari and the Keys have appointed the following fee structure, based on a specific event Booking Fee to hold the date- $1 50 (non-refundable) Wedding Package $500 which includes Wedding rehearsal at location (30 min) Organ/Piano Processional and Recessional, Pre and Post Wedding music (as background) 15 min each Vocalist/Accompaniment two (2) song chosen from selected list Songs are chosen from selected list Open bar and viands shall be provided Set up/tear down 2 instants of music, 2 ten minute breaks w/in 2 hours Approximately 10 songs per hour Songs are chosen from selected list Music outside of selected list $75 per song 8.Market Analysis Summary a. Size of Market (State & County Kickbacks), (Marion, Iowa), (Hiawatha, Iowa), (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) I. Population Demographics Estimated population of Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha) is approve. KICK (Cedar Rapids KICK, Marion ASK, Hiawatha K) Median income of males $41 K/year Median income of females $ASK/year 27% of the population is 25 to 44 t. Name Recognized Employers Rockwell Collins (8,700) Transcends/AEGEAN (3,900) SST.Lukewarmly point (3,200) Cedar Rapids Community School District (3,000) WHY-eve (2,600) Mercy Medical Center (2,300) Whirlpool (2,500) Kirkwood Community College (1 ,900) City of Cedar Rapids (1,400) Quaker toecaps (1 Other companies include Archer Daniel Midland (DAM), Cargill, General Mills, Toyota Financial and Nordstrom b. Competitors I. To research our competition we utilized both internet websites which advertise for select for musicians (search Wedding, Corporate Events and music groups) and also utilized the SABA tool called Size It Up (searched Entertainment Weddings , Party, and Corporate Events). T. In targeting the Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha) our moderate competition would include people from the following categories which represented a total of 31 event entertainers 1. Vocalists 2. Accompanists (Piano/Organ/Guitar) 3. Comedy Acts 4. DC ill. We understand that this represents only a small segment of the true number of musicians located in the Metro Area. However, word of mouth would be the best Word of mouth is very Copernican in this category of business and it is crucial to the success of any music ensemble.However, we believe going after the market with a guerrilla marketing campaign, become visible in the music community and establishing a following will help us to capture the event entertainment market. C. Market Growth/Trends at that place is a constant flux of new musicians within the Cedar Rapids Metro Area. People consistently believe that they will be the next American graven image po p sensation and will be discovered in this market. The reality of the situation is the saturation with UN-trained, low skill musicians, trying to make a buck. Because of this, Kari and the Keys are able to capitalize on our talent, skill and upscale performance.We are organized, marketable and ready to succeed. 9. Target Market We define our initial target market as such Females and males predominately between the ages of 25 45, non-married with a combined income of $ASK or more per year. Name recognized businesses Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha) 10. How do we attract our Target Market? A. Establish an on-line presence b. Establish a word of mouth campaign based on our stellar performances at local ensues such as open mice nights, restaurant/bars, and coffee houses c.As performances are booked, people view Online Calendar Lists This week at Ramsets d. Direct mailing to local organizations Churches Wedding Dress Boutiques Wedding Planners C ountry Clubs Restaurant/bars Coffee Shops West Music 11. Industry Analysis a. The threat of new entrants is in an amplified separate of flux. Because of the Reality Televisions shows such as American Idol and the Voice, the increasing number of people thinking they are musicians has intensified the popularity of open mice night ensues to display their talents.However, the survey and desire to be a star, does not mean they are talented enough to make it as an entertainer. The market at an alarming rate. However, this is not a substitute for musicians who have the talent, drive and the means to wage a successful campaign to gain the market share in a given location. C. The bargain power of customers is extremely critical in a musicians world. Since the market is saturated, everyone is fighting for a piece of the pie to be recognized in a public venue as someone who is horrible.Because of this saturation, musicians ability to be paid for performance is directly correlated with the a mount of potential business a musician can draw. If the musician is relatively unknown in the market, the establishment can hire you for cheap. This is why it is crucial to participate in any public venue to begin to establish a core group of followers or people willing to spend money while watching you perform. Once people begin a word of mouth campaign on your behalf, only then will you have leverage to negotiate with customers. D. The bargaining power of suppliers is relatively low.Anyone with a guitar, acrophobic and an amp can be a musician. Whether or not they are successful is not dependent on a supplier. E. Again, the competition for musician event entertainment is high. It is imperative to be able to set yourself a part of the competition. A musician must pay their dues by performing, be more talented than the next guy, offer something that no one else does, build a following, utilize guerrilla marketing techniques to keep your name at the front and be proactive in gaini ng market share. 12. Online Plan Summary a. Obtain a Website Domain grandfathering. Com b. Design a professional website

Theories of Attachments

Theories of adherence 1) loo come theories psychodynamic/behaviourists 2) The ethological lift 3) Bowlbys evolutionary opening 4) Social encyclopaedism theory Studying attachments and their loss can help us understand how early relationship experiences can affect later development What is attachment? An intense activated relationship that is particular(prenominal) to two peck that endure over time.Prolonged separation brings stress and sorrow 1, cupboard love theory psychodynamic theory Sigmund Freud developed a theory of individualality, to explain how each persons personality develops he proposed that attachment grew out of the feeding relationship Key The psychodynamic approach analyses the psyche (your mind) i. e. it breaks exhaust into constituent parts such as the id/ego/superego Psychoanalysts (like Freud) desire thatAll babies argon born with an natural drive to seek pleasure Freud called this the pleasure article of faith Freud said thither is a particular o rganize of the personality that is motivated by this principle the id The id is the primitive part of our personality, which demands immediate satisfaction all people pass through and through psychosexual stages. First stage of psychosexual development is oral exam, thus babies demand oral satisfaction The mother is the start-off love object because she feeds the child and so an attachment is formed. Freud saw this the first relationship as the foundation the foundation of all others.Infants attach to their caregivers (usually the mother) because of the caregivers ability to satisfy its instinctual needs. Quality of attachment and future relationships Healthy attachments are formed when the feeder practices to satisfy the infants needs, unhealthy attachments are formed when infants are deprived or over indulged. If the childs first relationship is loving, the child develops the ability to love, if not, self-aggrandizing relationships will be unsatisfactory Consequences If an infa nt is deprived at an oral stage, she/he will deform fixated at this stage.Consequently, psychoanalysts stress the value of feeding, especially breast feeding. *research evidence does not supports this theory because the person who provides food does not always become the primary quill attachment object, evidence against this theory is the same for the culture theory. Learning theory Behaviourists believe that Infants attach to those who satisfy their psychological/physical needs Learning theorists/behaviourists believe all behaviour is acquired through conditioning 1)classical conditioning 2)operant conditioning Or through imitation 3)social learning theoryBehaviourism Classical operant 1) Classical conditioning Food (unconditioned stimulus) produces pleasure (unconditioned reaction) So becomes associated with the person doing the feeding, who then becomes (conditioned stimulus) who instanter also produces pleasure even when no food. Babies associate caregivers with gratificati on, and learn to approach caregivers to have their needs met, they purport secure whenever caregiver is present Attachment works both ways Mothers get Positively fortify -by the baby smiling and developingNegatively reinforced -by the cessation of crying 2) Operant conditioning Dollard and miller (1950) adopted this principle To incorporate the concept of the mental states, a hungry baby feels uncomfortable creating a drive to narrow to comfort, when a baby is fed the drive is reduced, providing a sense of pleasure ( a reward) Food becomes the primary reinforce because it reinforces behaviour to avoid discomfort so becomes the secondary reinforce (conditioned) Social learning theory Babies learn by imitation, modelling a direct reinforcement.Hay and vespo believe parents deliberately teach their children to love them, by modelling affection parents also teach children in an explicity way to show affection * We learn through association and reinforcement but food may not be the ma in reinforce evoke Harlow challenges behaviourists and psychoanalytic cupboard love theory -study of the rhesus monkey -study of Scottish infants The ethological approach -ethology is the study of fauna behaviour, in its natural environment Ethos=habit, manner Ethnologists introduced the concept of attachment ImprintingSome animals such as sheep, geese for rapid attachments genuinely soon after birth they attach to any moving individual present and follow them ,as if they were their mother. Lorenz (1935) called this act upon *made geese follow him* Imprinting has -short term consequences safety -long term consequences reproduction Definition of imprinting The aim of non-humans to form a strong bond with the first moving object they see typical in precocial (new-born can move around) species like lambs, foals Imprinting doesnt kick the bucket because the caregiver feeds the new-born, e. . goslings which contradicts the cupboard love theory Imprinting is a fixed action pattern (fad) i. e. a behaviour that descends in response to a species specific stimulus, once imprinting has drawred, it is irreversible Critical period Imprinting must occur within a critical period, if biological characteristics dont develop at a specific time, then they never will research shows that the critical period can be extended by changing environment Sensitive period Some ethnologists say instead of a critical period, there is a sensitive period i. . a time when learning is most likely to happen, will occur most easily but learning can still occur at other multiplication *imprinting in humans* Imprinting research mostly with animals Humans Klaus and kennels skin to skin scheme (1976) There is a sensitive period immediately after birth when bonding can occur through skin-to skin conform to, a year later these mothers and babies had stronger attachments But Goldberg (1983) found that the effects of early contact are small and short-lived

Behavior Plan Template Essay

ooze does not talk about his past or his family. He foc wasting diseases everything on sex, power, and himself. He has had six charges of assault and brags about how many woman he has slept with. gook has a genius that draws people in and fundament be very socialble, but erstwhile things do not go his way or are not about him he tends to lose it. He sees nothing ravish in what he does and it is form to him. He has serious displeasure issues that he does not want to take over and I feel it has a lot to with his past. scoop possibly suffered from some type of abuse when he was younger, either sexual, physical, emotional, or even all three. He seems to have very low self-esteem by the way he bragsand puts down other ideas. scoopful does not know how to have a normal relationship with people, without making things about himself or using anger while acting. Max hold ridiculous beliefs about himself and the world, which is not hefty because it leads to the negative actions he ha s been exhibiting. This type of behavior Max is exhibiting relates to rational affectional behavior therapy (REBT).Course of TreatmentList two target behaviors and two interventions.Target BehaviorsAnger Issues human relationship/Emotional IssuesFrequency and Duration of Target BehaviorsAnger Issues are serious for Max because he seems to not be able to handle his anger. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he has been so use to this behavior for a long time and he needs to acquire how to restrain anger and contradict to things in a positive way. Relationship/Emotional issues is an important area that Max need to invent on. He needs to be able have a relationship with others that does not consist of him be selfish or dominiating. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he does not know how to interact with people without being dominating or using sex to his advantage to get what he wants.hardship and Number of RelapsesIf Max does not get this behavior under control he could have to do prison or jail time. He could also run into the wrong soulfulness and lose his livelihoodtime or be seriously injured. He has relapsed around 4 times, it has been difficult for him. Max needs to learn how to have a normal relationship with a person, that uses the correct emotions and is not all about himself. at that place will come a time when he is truly al iodin and has nobody because they do not like how dominating and arrogant he was. He could resort back into depression. He has relapsed around 5 times because he bathnot stop being dominating and arrogant.InterventionsMax needs to be in angermanagment classes, on with group and one-on-one therapy. He also needs do some sort of community service. Max needs to be inone-on-one therapy and group therapy. He should volunteer at homeless shelters, so he can appreciate what he has and improve his own self-worth. He should be involved in any sexual activity for 4 months.Goals an d ObjectivesList two long-term goals, two short-term goals, and one objective to work towards each goal.Long-Term Goal1. The long-term goal for anger issues is for Max to control his anger and not have any other incidents of assaulting people. 2. The long-term goal for relationship/emotional issues is for Max to learn how to have a healthy relationship with others, which he is not controlling or set-apart to the person. His self-esteem should be confidence and not arrogance.Short-Term Goal1. The short-term goal for anger issues is for Max to not have any anger outburst or physical altercations with anyone for three months. 2. The short-term goal for relationship/emotional issues is for Max to understand individuals and think about them for he thinks about himself.Objectives1. If Max can control his anger he will be able to be a happy person and can have a normal reaction to things in life, without feeling out of control with anger (Macavei, 2005). 2. If Max can learn how to have a healthy relationship and use his emotions correctly, he will not be alone, but can have someone who he in truth cares about and who really cares him (Macavei, 2005). 3. If Max can learn to not lose control right away of anger he can learn that he does not need violence, but can think before he reacts (Macavei, 2005). 4. If Max can learn to understand others and think about someone else than himself he can flummox a better person and not who is not depressed or hides behind negativity. He can truly understand himself and work on his own personal issue (Macavei, 2005).Discharge and Termination Plans signalise the discharge and termination plan for the client.Discharge PlanMax has been discharged after four months of treatment. He has shown he cancontrol his anger and really overcome his relationship and emotional issues. He has perfect his anger management and therapy. Max will still have to take angermanagement classes once a week and therapy, but he will be free to live on his o wn and conduct his life normally. He has also been prescribed medication that will help with his mood swings.Termination PlanMax will be released and living on his own. He will have to check in once a month for a year to make sure he has not relapsed. If everything comes out good he will not have to check in after the year.ReferencesMacavei, B. (2005). The Role of Irrational Beliefs in the Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Depression. 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